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3.4.1 Servidor MySQL: MariaDB
Instalar o servidor de base de dados MySQL MariaDB, com uma configuração mínima.
As versões anteriores do Debian incluíam o pacote servidor de base de dados MySQL. A versão atual disponibiliza também o MariaDB. Muito provavelmente, as futuras versões do Debian apenas oferecerão o MariaDB.
Instalação
root@server:~# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client
Contrariamente às versões anteriores, a instalação do pacote mariadb-server não pede uma password para o utilizador root, dado que as ligações a partir do localhost são agora consideradas seguras.
Configuração
Após a instalação é conveniente garantir a segurança da instalação MariaDB com o comando mysql_secure_installation. Este programa permite, entre outras coisas, alterar password da conta root do MariaDB, desligar alguns acessos externos e apagar as bases de dados de testes.
root@server:~# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we`ll need the current
password for the root user. If you`ve just installed MariaDB, and
you haven`t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you`ve completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
root@server:~#
Verificação
A partir deste momento será possível aceder ao monitor do MariaDB:
root@server:~# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 664224 Server version: 10.1.23-MariaDB-9+deb9u1 Debian 9.0 Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> quit; Bye root@server:~#
Referências