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3.4.1 Servidor MySQL: MariaDB
MariaDB es ahora la variante de MySQL por omisión en Debian, en su versión 10.1. Tenga en cuenta que los formatos de fichero de datos binarios no son compatibles hacia atrás. Por ello, una vez haya actualizado a MariaDB 10.1 no podrá volver a una versión anterior de MariaDB o de MySQL salvo que tenga un volcado de la base de datos. Para mas informaciones consulte: Release Notes for Debian 9 (stretch), 64-bit PC - Chapter 2. What's new in Debian 9 - 2.2.3. MariaDB replaces MySQL
Objetivo
Instalar el servidor de base de datos MySQL MariaDB, con una configuración mínima.
Por omisión, la instalación de MariaDB sólo acepta conexiones a partir del propio (localhost). Esto no es problemático porque la base de datos sólo será utilizada por aplicaciones del propio host.
Instalación
root@server:~# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client
La instalación del paquete MariaDB no pide contraseña para el usuario root, una vez que las conexiones a la base de dados a partir del puesto local son consideradas como seguras
Configuración
Terminada la instalación, se debe ejecutar el comando mysql_secure_installation, que hace una serie de verificaciones e cambios en la configuración para garantizar la seguridad del servidor mysql.
root@server:~# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we`ll need the current
password for the root user. If you`ve just installed MariaDB, and
you haven`t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you`ve completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
root@server:~#
Verificación
A partir de este momento, es posible acceder al monitor de MySQL:
root@server:~# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 664224 Server version: 10.1.23-MariaDB-9+deb9u1 Debian 9.0 Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> quit; Bye root@server:~#
Referências